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单词后缀与词性

英语中不同词性常可以通过特定后缀来区分。以下是一些常见词性及其对应的典型后缀和示例:

1. 名词(Nouns)

  • 常见后缀
    • -tion/-sion/-ation(表示动作或状态):
      action, decision, creation
    • -ment(行为或结果):
      development, government
    • -ness(性质或状态):
      happiness, kindness
    • -ity/-ty(抽象概念):
      ability, reality, safety
    • -er/-or(人或工具):
      teacher, actor, computer
    • -ist(职业或信仰者):
      artist, scientist
    • -ism(主义或理论):
      capitalism, optimism
    • -ship(关系或状态):
      friendship, leadership
    • -ence/-ance(状态或性质):
      difference, importance

2. 动词(Verbs)

  • 常见后缀
    • -ize/-ise(使…化):
      realize, organize
    • -ify(使…成为):
      simplify, terrify
    • -en(使变得):
      widen, strengthen
    • -ate(动作相关):
      activate, communicate
  • 常见前缀
    • en-(使进入或赋予):
      enable, enlarge

3. 形容词(Adjectives)

  • 常见后缀
    • -able/-ible(可…的):
      comfortable, visible
    • -al(与…相关的):
      natural, cultural
    • -ive(有…性质的):
      active, creative
    • -ous(充满…的):
      dangerous, famous
    • -ful(充满…的):
      beautiful, helpful
    • -less(没有…的):
      hopeless, careless
    • -ic/-ical(与…相关的):
      economic, historical
    • -y(具有…特征的):
      sunny, rainy
    • -ish(稍微…的):
      childish, greenish

4. 副词(Adverbs)

  • 常见后缀
    • -ly(方式或程度):
      quickly, happily
      (例外:部分形容词也以 -ly 结尾,如 friendly, lovely
    • -ward(s)(方向):
      forward, upwards