单词后缀与词性
英语中不同词性常可以通过特定后缀来区分。以下是一些常见词性及其对应的典型后缀和示例:
1. 名词(Nouns)
- 常见后缀:
- -tion/-sion/-ation(表示动作或状态):
action, decision, creation - -ment(行为或结果):
development, government - -ness(性质或状态):
happiness, kindness - -ity/-ty(抽象概念):
ability, reality, safety - -er/-or(人或工具):
teacher, actor, computer - -ist(职业或信仰者):
artist, scientist - -ism(主义或理论):
capitalism, optimism - -ship(关系或状态):
friendship, leadership - -ence/-ance(状态或性质):
difference, importance
- -tion/-sion/-ation(表示动作或状态):
2. 动词(Verbs)
- 常见后缀:
- -ize/-ise(使…化):
realize, organize - -ify(使…成为):
simplify, terrify - -en(使变得):
widen, strengthen - -ate(动作相关):
activate, communicate
- -ize/-ise(使…化):
- 常见前缀:
- en-(使进入或赋予):
enable, enlarge
- en-(使进入或赋予):
3. 形容词(Adjectives)
- 常见后缀:
- -able/-ible(可…的):
comfortable, visible - -al(与…相关的):
natural, cultural - -ive(有…性质的):
active, creative - -ous(充满…的):
dangerous, famous - -ful(充满…的):
beautiful, helpful - -less(没有…的):
hopeless, careless - -ic/-ical(与…相关的):
economic, historical - -y(具有…特征的):
sunny, rainy - -ish(稍微…的):
childish, greenish
- -able/-ible(可…的):
4. 副词(Adverbs)
- 常见后缀:
- -ly(方式或程度):
quickly, happily
(例外:部分形容词也以-ly
结尾,如 friendly, lovely) - -ward(s)(方向):
forward, upwards
- -ly(方式或程度):